Investment Appraisal and Project Evaluation Techniques as Tools for Decision Making in an Organization (a Case Study of Mobil Oil Nigeria Plc.)

Abstract on Investment Appraisal and Project Evaluation Techniques as Tools for Decision Making in an Organization (a Case Study of Mobil Oil Nigeria Plc.)

The purpose of this project is to identify investment appraisal and project evaluation techniques as a tool for decision making in an organization.

To carry out the research work, every organization needs to evaluate project for the decision making of their organization. Therefore the projects enumerate different types of decision in investment appraisal. And the study is to assists the managers of organization to highlight the investment techniques under different conditions especially the company chosen as the case study. More so, the study will ensure organization the project that will generate adequate returns on the investment decision.

The first chapter will look into the introduction of the research work from: Background, Problem analysis, purpose of the study, relevant research question, statement of the hypothesis, limitation scope of the study, significance of the study and justification for investigating it; definition of terms and concepts. Relevant literature will be reviewed in chapter two, the chapter three will be methodology employed in the research work which will contain, introduction, the statement of research question, restatement of hypothesis, research instrument method of data analysis and method of data collection. In chapter four, various data collected through questionnaire and other means will be thoroughly analyzed. Chapter five will round up the research study by giving the summary, conclusions and recommendation of the finding of this study.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter One of 

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.1     Introduction                                                                  

1.2     Problem Analysis                                                           

1.3     Purpose of the study                                                     

1.4     Relevant Research questions                                         

1.5     Statement of the Hypotheses                                         

1.6     Limitation of the study                                                  

1.7     Significances of the study

1.8     Definition    of terms and Concepts                               

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     Model and Theories relevant to the study                      

2.2     Current Literature based on each relevant variable model and theory                        

2.3     Summary of the chapter                                                         

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY                

3.1     Outline of the Chapter                                         

3.2     Restatement of the research question and Hypotheses

3.3     Research Design                                                           

3.4     Sampling Design                                                 

3.5     Data Collection Instrument                                           

3.6     Pilot test including validity and Reliability of Test         

3.7     Administration of Data Collection Instrument     

3.8     Procedure or processing and Analysis Data                  

3.9     Limitation of the Methodology of study                

 CHAPTER FOUR PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

4.1     Introduction                                                                  

4.2     Presentation and interpretation of Data                        

4.3     Respondent characteristics and classification     

4.4     Test of Hypotheses                                                                  

CHAPTER FIVE SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION

AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1     Summary                                                                      

5.2     Findings of the study                                                    

5.3     Conclusion Drawn from the Findings                           

5.4     Recommendation Based on the conclusion

5.5     Suggestion for further studies                                       

References                                                                     

Questionnaire                                                                   

Chapter One of Investment Appraisal and Project Evaluation Techniques as Tools for Decision Making in an Organization (a Case Study of Mobil Oil Nigeria Plc.)

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Investment is the process of obtaining title deed to an asset such as financial asset or real asset for the purpose of receiving returns form the assets.

Investment appraisal determines whether or not new investment or projects should be undertaken.

Project Evaluation is the process by which management plans analyses and control organizations investment. On the other hand, investment decision is technique that can be applied to any type of investment made by (individuals or companies) where the financial implication can be identified.

Decision making cannot be said to be alien to managements, Infact, it is as primitive as the existence of human organisms, since a choice has to be made among alternatives (opportunity cost concept) due to scarcity of resources.

There are basically three major level of decision namely strategy decision, tactical decision, Operational decision, each of these decisions are taken at different hierarchy of the organization.

Project appraisal will be incomplete without looking at the basis stages project has to go through, in relation of the project cycle in order to search through the project identification and definition, project preparation, Project analysis, project implementation and the evaluation techniques.

The traditional view of investment appraisal is on the old method which does not consider the time value of money and it is fraught with some difficulties which are peculiar to it. Such method includes:

• Pay Back Period (PBP) Method.
• Average profit or Accounting Rate of Returns (ARR) Method.

• Net Present Value (NPV) Method.
• Profitability Index (PI) or benefit cost ratio Method.
• Internal rate of return (IRR) Method.

However, investment appraisal under condition of risk and uncertainty shall also be looked into with reference to the following techniques.

•   Time based Method

• Probability based technique
• Sensitivity analysis and Simulation techniques.

In an attempt to round off this research, the important of project implementation evaluation will be summarized in order to identify the various quantitative and qualitative factors which might affect the company’s decision making so as to carry out the control function and suggest corrective measures in order to forestall negative interference in the company’s investment project decision making process in the future.

 PROBLEM ANALYSIS

The problems faced in preparing and analyzing of the project is stated below such as:

1. Limited Materials which can be said as the problem in   getting accurate information for the project analysis.
2. Another problem faced is time in carrying out the proposed project.
3. Research instrument is another problem faced in analysis the project.
4. Inadequate data on the other hand are the problems faced in presenting the proposed project.
5. Limited information from respondents which cause problem in analyzing the proposed project.

 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

Every management of various organizations should evaluate any project before fund is committed to it.

1. Therefore the purpose of the study is to enable the manager of a company to identify various projects that can be appraised or evaluated.
2. It highlight the conditions under which project can be evaluated.
3. The study is to enable company manager to enumerate different types of decisions in investment appraisal.
4. The study is to help the manager to highlight the investment techniques under different conditions.
5. The study critically examines the various project evaluation. Techniques that will aid management in their investment.
6. The study states the similarities between short run and long run decision making of the investment.
7. It enables the financial manager to forecast the possible event of the project with certainty.
8. It emphasize on the methods of investment appraisal that incorporate the time value of money and those that do not incorporate the time value of money.
9. The study will ensure manager the project that will generate adequate returns from investment chosen aid fund committed.
10. The study will enable the manager to know the strategies to be adopted in the investment process.

RELEVANT RESEARCH QUESTION

i.    What is investment appraisal?

ii.   How does the condition under project is appraised affecting the investment decision making?

iii. What are the types of decisions that can be made when investing?

iv. How might one be able to assess the potential economic value of those strategies?

v.   What are the similarities between short run and long run decision making?

vi.  What are the techniques to take in decisions making of investment?

vii. What are the factors to be considered when capital budgeting decision is involved in investment?

STATEMENT OF THE HYPOTHESIS

The findings are based on hypotheses upon the observation techniques will be used.

Ho: Investment appraisal is not significant in decision making of any project evaluation of an organization.

Hi:   Investment appraisal is significant in decision making of any project evaluation of an organization.

Ho:  Project appraisal techniques are not relevant in investment decision making.

Hi:   Project appraisal techniques are relevant in investment decision making.

Ho: Project appraisal technique does not determine the cash flow accrue to the organization.

Hi:   Project appraisal technique does determine the cash flow accrue to the organization.

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

Investment project appraisal relates to both public and private sectors of the economy and they cover a wide range of the economic facets.

There are some unforeseen circumstances that will make the study not be carried out extensively, some of which are, limited materials like finance, time, text books materials, as well as epileptic power supply.

Finally the study shall be restricted to Mobil Oil Nigeria Plc.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY AND JUSTIFICATION FOR INVESTIGATING IT.

It is important for management of various organizations to evaluate projects to be embarked on.

Also the study should emphasis on techniques to be used in investment evaluation.

The study will enhance the minimization of risk associated with project. The study will help to know the decision making in the short term or long term investment.

The study stimulates the forecasting model for project and variations in estimate of cost benefits and timing of events.

DEFINITION OF TERMS & CONCEPTS

In order to facilitate easy and better understanding of this project work, the definitions of certain terms that feature prominently are given below:

Appraisal Techniques

These are technique that companies the traditional techniques and the discounted cash flow techniques.

These methods ignore the time value of money and to that extent, they are considered to be theoretically weak and they will not necessarily lead to the maximization of the market value of ordinary shares.

Payback Period

Payback period is the time taken in years for a project to recover its initial investment. Payback period can be computed dividing the cash outlay by the annual cash inflow that is

Initial outlay

Payback =

Annual cash flow

Accounting Rate of Return (ARR)

The accounting rate of return measure is based upon accounting profit, not cash flow; it uses financial accounting profit after charging all financial accounting expenses including depreciation.

Average Annual Accounting Profit

 ARR is represented by                                                                                                                                   Average Investment